Why Should You Study Physics

For the scientist (or aspiring scientist), the question of why to study science doesnt need to be answered. If youre one of the people who gets science, then no explanation is required. Chances are that you already have at least some of the scientific skills necessary to pursue such a career, and the whole point of study is to gain the skills which you dont yet have. However, for those who are not pursuing a career in the sciences, or in technology, it can frequently feel as if science courses of any stripe are a waste of your time. Courses in the physical sciences, especially, tend to be avoided at all cost, with courses in biology taking their place to fill necessary science requirements. The argument in favor of scientific literacy is amply made in James Trefils 2007 book Why Science?, focusing on arguments from civics, aesthetics, and culture to explain why a very basic understanding of scientific concepts is necessary for the non-scientist. The benefits of a scientific education can be clearly seen in this description of science by famed quantum physicist Richard Feynman: Science is a way to teach how something gets to be known, what is not known, to what extent things are known (for nothing is known absolutely), how to handle doubt and uncertainty, what the rules of evidence are, how to think about things so that judgments can be made, how to distinguish truth from fraud, and from show. The question then becomes (assuming you agree with the merits of the above way of thinking) how this form of scientific thinking can be imparted upon the population. Specifically, Trefil presents a set of grand ideas that could be used to form the basis of this scientific literacy — many of which are firmly rooted concepts of physics. The Case for Physics Trefil refers to the physics first approach presented by 1988 Nobel Laureate Leon Lederman in his Chicago-based educational reforms. Trefils analysis is that this method is especially useful for older (i.e. high school age) students, while he believes the more traditional biology first curriculum is appropriate for younger (elementary middle school) students. In short, this approach emphasizes the idea that physics is the most fundamental of sciences. Chemistry is applied physics, after all, and biology (in its modern form, at least) is basically applied chemistry. You can, of course, extend beyond that into more specific fields: zoology, ecology, and genetics are all further applications of biology, for example. But the point is that all of science can, in principle, be reduced down to fundamental physics concepts such as thermodynamics and nuclear physics. In fact, this is how physics developed historically: basic principles of physics were determined by Galileo while biology still consisted of various theories of spontaneous generation, after all. Therefore, grounding a scientific education in physics makes perfect sense, because it is the foundation of science. From physics, you can expand naturally into the more specialized applications, going from thermodynamics and nuclear physics into chemistry, for example, and from mechanics and material physics principles into engineering. The path cannot be followed smoothly in reverse, going from a knowledge of ecology into a knowledge of biology into a knowledge of chemistry and so on. The smaller the sub-category of knowledge you have, the less it can be generalized. The more general the knowledge, the more it can be applied to specific situations. As such, the fundamental knowledge of physics would be the most useful scientific knowledge, if someone had to pick which areas to study. And all of this makes sense because physics is the study of matter, energy, space and time, without which there would be nothing in existence to react or thrive or live or die. The entire universe is built upon of the principles revealed by a study of physics. Why Scientists Need Non-Science Education While on the subject of well-rounded education, the opposite argument holds just as strongly: someone who is studying science needs to be able to function in society, and this involves understanding the entire culture (not just the technoculture) involved. The beauty of Euclidean geometry is not inherently more beautiful than the words of Shakespeare; its just beautiful in a different way. Scientists (and physicists especially) tend to be fairly well rounded in their interests. The classic example is the violin-playing virtuoso of physics, Albert Einstein. One of the few exceptions is perhaps medical students, who lack diversity more due to time constraints than lack of interest. A firm grasp of science, without any grounding in the rest of the world, provides little understanding of the world, let alone appreciation for it. Political or cultural issues do not take case in some sort of scientific vacuum, where historical cultural issues need not be taken into account. While many scientists feel that they can objectively evaluate the world in a rational, scientific manner, the fact is that important issues in society never involve purely scientific questions. The Manhattan Project, for example, was not purely a scientific enterprise, but also clearly triggered questions that extend far outside of the realm of physics. This content is provided in partnership with National 4-H Council. 4-H science programs provide youth the opportunity to learn about STEM through fun, hands-on activities and projects. Learn more by visiting  their website.

I m Just Not A Math Person - 844 Words

The first idea, â€Å"I’m just not a math person, thinking this make you think you re not capable of doing math. The negative pushes you thinking and your brain creates that idea of you re not a math person. As example share in the article about Terence Tao, who is really good at math, but he s good at because he has â€Å" hard work, preparation, and self-confidence† which everyone born with. It all about teach your self discipline about what your capable of doing. As of that are â€Å"people’s belief that math ability can’t change becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy, they form an idea that they cant be good at math. Just because on person is good and other is not that doesn t mean the person who got B on the test isn t a math person, they just think that.The second idea is â€Å" Incremental orientation believe ability (intelligence) to be malleable† meaning you have the effort to increase your intelligence but â€Å"Entity orientation†, which are believe to be nonmalleable who don t have ability to put effort and increase their intelligence. This creates your smart or you re not smart at all, theres no middle. But the student are in charge of their intelligence level, its up to them to change how they think and what things influence their decision of that push of hard work. As if someone can learn how to do math but putting in work they can â€Å"learn to do anything†.As people don t see handwork pays they will if you do math, if you math it will show you, if you work hard enough youShow MoreRelatedAutism s Point Of View On Autism1448 Words   |  6 PagesStupid...Am I? What I’m Capable of vs. What I do Of Pills and Doctors Socially Impaired Relationships With People Becoming Who I am Goals Autism Facts Famous Autistics About Me î ¿ ¾ A Brief Description of Autism Autism Spectrum Disorder. ASD. Autism. When people hear any of these, it’s either â€Å"avoid that person at all costs†, â€Å"be super sympathetic†, â€Å"pretend to be their friend† or â€Å"I have no idea what that is†. My best friend and illustrator of my second book, has no idea what autism is. I tried explainingRead MoreSummary : Cinderella Left Right When The Clock Struck 12 Essay868 Words   |  4 Pagesnormal, and if there was a normal human, I bet even they wouldn t get out of bed right when their clock struck 6:00. Cinderella left right when the clock struck 12:00. How do we get from me to Cinderella? Dearest brother, do me a favor. Be a person who cares for others, and wake me up. Dearest sister, do me a favor. Be a mature woman, and buy an alarm clock. Derious, I m serious. So am I, Mads. Please just wake me up, I plead. Please just buy an alarm clock! You know that wonRead More Gender Equity Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pagescomes to Math and Science in the schools? I don’t believe they are. This is why gender equity is a major problem facing our schools today. Many girls are having very negative attitudes towards Math and Science. Through doing research on this topic I found out why. In the article How Research Helps Address Gender Equity, a very shocking and eye opening thing was written. I learned that children as young as kindergarten already have formed set stereotypes about Science and Math. TheRead Morehow stereotype threat may cause poor performance in women Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagesgroup applies.† (Steele, 1997, p 614). According to C.M. Steele and Aronson (1995), there are two types of stereotype threat a person can encounter. The first kind of stereotype threat a person can come across is when that person acknowledges that a negative stereotype exists about their social group and their capabilities. The second type of stereotype threat is when a person is more hesitant to participate in certain activities out of a fear of confirming the stereotype of their social group. If encounteredRead MoreThe English Language899 Words   |  4 Pageslooking uneducated without learning it. Tan’s challenges herself by looking past the stereotypes of Asians math and became an English major. I myself have had some difficulty with the english language. In the story Mother Tongue, Tan talks about her mother broken english. Her mother feels nothing is wrong with her speech but Tan thinks differently. â€Å"I was ashamed of her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality if what she had to say.† (Tan 491) It made it hard to try toRead MoreLeft Brain vs Right Brain950 Words   |  4 Pagesleft brain is verbal and analytical. Right brain uses pictures rather than words. An example of the left and right brain being used is listening to someone give directions. A person using the left hemisphere would give directions such as â€Å"From here , go west three blocks and turn north on vine street.†(Rosenzweig,2014) If a person is using the right hemisphere there directions would be more like â€Å"Turn right(pointing right), by the church over there (pointing again), Then you will pass a McDonald andRead MoreAnalysis Of Claude Steele s Influence On Minority Students1587 Words   |  7 Pagesprevious study d one by Stanford University it was found that the African-American students did better on their warm-up when they were in a nonthreating environment(Cho, 2011; Taylor Walton, 2011). Bio One of the most popular social psychologist, Claude M. Steele was born January 1, 1946 in Phoenix, Illinois(Wikipedia, n.d.). As for his academic career Claude attended Hiram College at Ohio State University for his PhD in psychology in 1971(Public Affairs, n.d.). He then taught for the next twenty yearsRead MoreEssay on Should Tablets Replace the Use of Textbooks in Schools?1674 Words   |  7 Pagesreplace the heavy books and make distribution of assignments and handouts more faster. As I read in Weber’s book â€Å"In Cheap We Trust†, in her eighth chapter â€Å"Eco-Cheap† where she discussed about being eco-cheap and about how we tend to spend more than we need, I thought about how schools change their books every 4 years or sometimes every year due to a new edition of the book has been release. As for a college student, I would rather use my laptop or tablet to read the required textbook needed for that classRead MoreWhy The Sky Is Blue Or Why Humans Are The Dominant Species Of Earth?1375 Words   |  6 PagesHave you ever wondered why the sky is blue or why humans are the dominant species of Earth? I haven’t either. I have noticed, however, that there is no logical reason for certain things like why humans have opposable thumbs but lions don’t or what is it about a colour that makes it your favourite. There is no reason for certain things to be the way they are, but we accept them to be the only way of life and even fight over it. One completely arbitrary thing that seems to be universal is the ideaRead MoreEssay About The Literacy Autobiography785 Words   |  4 Pages I can hear my heart pumping faster and faster. With every breath, it pumps a little faster. I count each person ahead of me in my roll. Pam will read paragraph one. Carl has paragraph two and Donna will read paragraph four. That means I will read paragraph five. I go over every word making sure I can pronounce each one correctly. I am not aware of what the others have read. My only concern is not to make a mistake. It is my turn. Yes, I made it. Wow, glad that is over! What I have described

TEFL study guide Free Essays

string(44) " to find what exactly they are looking for\." Once you’re facing 20 eager dents who’ve parted with their hard-earned cash hoping that you can change their lives, it’s a little late for regrets. Get some training or do your own research but never walk Into a classroom completely unprepared. A little training is better than none at all. We will write a custom essay sample on TEFL study guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being an unqualified teacher Most language schools belong to professional bodies, which set criteria for teaching staff so that there’s a level of quality control. This means that usually you can’t find paid work in an English-speaking country without a willingness teaching qualification. However, there are exceptions to this If the school runs Its own training aerogramme for would-be teachers. Charitable and state-run organizations with volunteer programmed sometimes welcome people willing to share their knowledge with others and you get some teaching experience in return. Chapter 3: Examining Courses, Qualifications and Jobs 33 If a school trains staff to use its own teaching methods, you’ve a better chance of finding work with them without a teaching qualification. Big chains like Calla and Burlier employ staff in this way, depending on the location. On the other hand, If you’re traveling to a part of the world where there are few native English speakers In accidence, but the locals have some disposable income, you’re more likely to be viewed as a great catch by schools and individual students looking for a tutor, despite your lack of qualifications and experience. Being a native speaker can be your USPS (unique selling point), but try not to be complacent. Many FEEL teachers have no training whatsoever but still manage to find work and develop their skills while In the Job. If you won’t be relying on an Income from taster course is probably all you need. Various organizations offer weekend and short courses in TOEFL that give you a taste of what is involved in the Job and help you ecocide whether teaching is for you on a long-term basis. In the I-J, for example, Burlier (whom. Burlier. Com) won’t employ a teacher who doesn’t have a degree and teaching certificate. However, if you apply to one of their schools abroad, you may have the chance to prove yourself on their unpaid training course which lasts one to two weeks. Unfortunately, employers don’t view all native speakers as equal. ELK, Australian and other accents from economically strong nations are viewed as high status and are more sought after. Students tend to mimic the pronunciation of their teachers and any have distinct preferences about the accent they want to acquire. Countries that use English as Just one of their national languages often bring influences from the other language (or languages) into the pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary of their particular variety of English. Some students find Asian and African varieties of English, for example, less desirable than those of the single-language nations. Whatever your accent, practice speaking clearly and accurately. When you start approaching schools, project a professional attitude, a sense of humor and an interest in meeting and helping people. Once you find work, you need more than a great accent to get through the lessons. If a choice of work comes your way, teaching conversation lessons is your best bet for easing yourself into TOEFL. Teaching conversation is a little easier because you can concentrate on teaching less technical areas like fluency, vocabulary and pronunciation and avoid tricky grammar questions until you build up your experience. It’s inadvisable to advertise yourself as merely a teacher of conversation lessons though, as this can limit your 34 Part l: Getting Started in TOEFL chances of finding work and you may find yourself feeling pigeonholed even after eve expanded your skills. It pays to brush up on your own grammar anyway and take an interest in how the English language works. Look at Chapter 15 for info on grammar. ) Think about when and why you say the things you do. Getting initiated If you intend to teach for more than a few months, make a reasonable living at TOEFL, and give your students value for money, you really should invest in a TOEFL certificate course of 100 hours or more. Teachers at this level are officially called TOEFL initiated. Most FEEL teachers remain at this leve l as this is what the majority of employers squire from Job applicants. Before enrolling on a certificate course, consider who you want to teach and where. Each country has its own standards and preferences, so failing to meet the criteria for visa applications and the standards set by local employers hampers your chances of finding work. The I-J TOEFL market is a prime example. The two strands of English course providers are the private sector and the public sector: Private sector: The more established private language schools tend to be accredited by the British Council who expect FEEL teachers to be graduates (in any lied) and to hold the CELT (Certificate in English Language Teaching to Adults) or qualifications. Other qualifications are technically acceptable but school managers have to Jump through hoops to convince inspectors that their teachers are worthy if they don’t meet the British Council’s standard for FEEL teaching qualifications or if their qualifications are not so well known. As a result they usually avoid hiring anyone who doesn’t fit the profile or may cause them extra work. Public sector: On the other hand, in the public sector, schools and colleges have to meet ever changing government standards. So these days, all new teachers have to take a ‘Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector’ qualification. Unfortunately, one certificate alone won’t easily grant you entry into both sectors. The point being that, if you know where, who and how you want to teach, you can do your research and select the right course. Look at TOEFL Job ads specific to the country you intend to work in and even call or email a few employers to find what exactly they are looking for. You read "TEFL study guide" in category "Papers" If you need a work permit before you can work as a teacher in your chosen destination, check whether you qualify for one. If not, you may have to put in bit Chapter 3: Examining Courses, Qualifications and Jobs 35 more planning, otherwise you’ll find yourself dependent on dodgy operators who run courses with poor facilities and ridiculously low pay. Find out too if the schools there have a strong preference for one qualification over another. Becoming a qualified teacher A fully qualified FEEL teacher is someone who has a diploma in TOEFL and has at least two years’ full-time experience in teaching FEEL. The best-known diplomas are the Cambridge DELTA (Diploma in English Language Teaching to Adults) and Trinity Dippiest (Diploma in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages). You may also have a master’s degree in LET or a similar field (such as Applied Linguistics) in addition to teaching experience. These qualifications are for people who want to make progress in their career and apply for managerial positions such as Director of Studies. You need a qualification like this if you’re interested in training roles too. The good news is that all these positions attract higher pay and even if you’re teaching the same courses as your less qualified colleagues, you’re likely to have a better hourly rate than them. Diploma and master’s-level courses are not for the faint hearted. You need to get thorough experience in TOEFL before considering a qualification at this level. Getting on Course After you decide that some form of training is in order, you need to find the right course. Doing a training course abroad may be cheaper than doing one at home. Entering introductory courses Various organizations offer weekend courses of about 20 hours that introduce you to TOEFL. Courses aren’t accredited by any of the best-known bodies, so word of mouth is an important indicator of quality. Even though the certificate may have an accreditation stamp, it may be from an organization most employers haven’t heard of. So it’s worth finding out about the tutors’ qualifications and experience and of what the course consists before parting with your cash. In most cases, courses have a minimum age requirement of 17 or 18. To be honest, you need to have an A-level standard education or similar to get your head around it all, but more importantly, you should have the confidence to manage people, which is something teenagers may struggle with unless they restrict themselves to teaching small children. There’s no upper age limit, but once again, the pace is rather hectic on these courses. Be honest with yourself as you need to be the kind of person who can absorb knowledge quickly and put it into practice to get the most benefit out of these TOEFL weekend programmed. Trainees sometimes underestimate what is required of them and end up a little discouraged. So be warned. Weekend courses are fast and furious! If you’re not a native speaker, you usually need to show that you’ve achieved an advanced level of English by passing an exam such as LILTS (International English Language Testing System) with a minimum band score of 7. However, even if you’re a dative speaker, your grammar should be of a reasonably high standard or else you can find yourself doubting your English and losing the confidence of your students. You should know that your English is correct even if you cannot explain why yet. What you can do with this certificate A certificate from a weekend course tells employers that you’re responsible enough to undergo basic training before applying for a Job. It doesn’t mean that you’re now a qualified FEEL teacher, regardless of what the advertisement says. In fact, after a training weekend, you’re likely to feel a lot more enthusiastic and aware of what the job entails. You won’t feel ready to go anywhere and teach anyone but at least you know a bit more about how to put a lesson together and the kind of the information students need. View the course as a taster and tell employers that you’re keen to develop your skills on the Job. What the course covers A weekend TOEFL course follows similar lines as a full TOEFL certificate because it touches on most of the same course components but in a very brief way. A weekend course should include: Basic grammar: There’s far too much grammar in the English language to teach everything in such a short time, but the course should make you aware of different menses (you may think that there’s a past, present and future tense and that’s it, but believe me, the truth is a little more complicated). You usually touch on the different kinds of words you use in a sentence too – nouns, verbs, adverbs and adjectives. Chapter 3: Examining Courses, Qualifications and Jobs 37 Classroom techniques and activities: Very often the tutor treats you as though you’re a foreign student and shows you how to handle warm-up activities and pair or group work in the classroom. Lesson planning: You should learn one of the different formats for planning a Essen so that you know in which order to do things and how to make your lessons fun and effective. An opportunity to practice teaching: You teach a mini lesson or part of a lesson to volunteer students or to your fellow trainees. The maximum class size should be about 20; a tutor can’t effectively teach more than How much it costs A weekend course should be a lot cheaper (about 25 per cent of the cost) of a full certificate in a school, but don’t forget to factor in the cost of accommodation and travel too. In the I-J courses cost approximately IEEE for 20 hours training. I- to- I (www. I-to-I. Mom) has been offering weekend TOEFL courses in the I-J, USA, Ireland, Canada and Australia for several years. Signing up for a certificate course TOEFL certificate courses come in a variety of packages these days. You can do intensive or part-time courses or complete a distance course online or by post. You have to be at least 18 years old to do a TOEFL certificate in most cases, which is practical as you’ll be managing people in your classroom. There’s no upper age limit. Course providers generally prefer to take students with degrees or a good standard of education (good enough to go to university). Don’t despair if you don’t have any aroma qualifications though. It’s worth speaking to the school or college in person. If it’s satisfied that you have a good head on your shoulders and a respectable level of English, it may well accept you. Applicants with teaching experience are also favored. Most schools ask you to take a test to prove how good your English is, so inform the school beforehand if you have a learning difficulty that affects your writing. If you’re a nonnative speaker, schools expect you to have an exam pass at advanced level in English as well. 38 part l: Getting started in TOEFL Intensive TOEFL courses last four or five weeks. Don’t try to keep up your part-time Job or even your favorite TV show because every waking moment is filled with lesson plans and projects. However, this type of course is a great way to Jump in and get started. If that sounds a bit too much for you, plenty of courses are spread over three months or even a year, enabling you to attend sessions in the evenings and at weekends, so you can fit it in around your Job. In any case, you need over 100 hours of tuition, plus feedback and homework time to gain your certificate. With a bachelor or master’s degree in any field and an FEEL teaching certificate you’re eligible to apply for the majority of vacancies. To be honest, many university graduates have no idea what to do in a classroom so some employers bypass your level of education if you’ve managed to prove yourself and passed a certificate course. What the course covers The overall aim of certificate courses is to provide initial training for people who want to teach English to speakers of other languages and to make sure that they meet the criteria for teaching by demonstrating English usage accurately, by giving well balanced lessons and by evaluating their lessons. Objectives for the course usually include familiarizing trainees with all those areas that go into English language teaching – methodology, classroom procedures, techniques and aids, language awareness and testing. You have the opportunity to teach and to find out how to To help trainees learn about the main pronunciation, vocabulary and structural features of current English. To raise awareness of the learning needs of individuals or groups of learners and of the motivation they have in a variety of circumstances and environments. To make sure that trainees can work cooperatively as members of a teaching team or group. / To help trainees develop the ability to create and maintain the learners’ interest and establish rapport. Chapter 3: Examining Courses, Qualifications and Jobs 39 To make sure that trainees can plan lessons with clear and achievable aims using methods appropriate to the learners’ levels of achievement and age. To give trainees basic classroom management skills and the ability to provide relevant activities. To make sure that trainees are able to use and adapt published teaching material and create their own basic teaching material. To highlight the main advantages and disadvantages of various language teaching approaches. To ensure that trainees can continue their development in TOEFL after completing the course. Before you start, the course provider sends you an FEEL reading list and often asks you to complete a work book that provides an introduction to three important areas of the course. One is the unknown language section, the second is a grammar section and the third section is about how to teach. Some courses include lessons in a foreign language so that you understand how the students in your class feel. Through these lessons you can gain the dual perspective of both a teacher and a student and experience various teaching techniques. You produce a project based on these lessons near the end of the course. Teaching practice is an essential part of the course so expect real live students to volunteer to take part in your lesson. You also have the opportunity to see various other experienced teachers at work and your tutor gives you continual advice, feedback and support. Courses with a learner profile project give you the opportunity to get to know one FEEL student a bit better and analyses their language skills in depth. For the project, you usually conduct an interview with the student and record it. In addition you set them a written task so that you can write about their strengths and weaknesses and discuss ways in which you would help them through FEEL lessons. You may teach one lesson with the student in which you address one of that student’s weak points. A materials project is designed to help you use and adapt basic materials, such as a photograph, in the classroom. You’re asked to show how to use the same set of materials with students of different levels and abilities. At the end of the course there’s often a test on grammar and phonology (pronunciation). 40 Part l: Getting Started in TOEFL Speak to local schools and colleges about their teacher training programmed. CELT and Trinity Creosotes are the most widely accepted certificates for the private sector check whether your university runs TOEFL courses in the summer. The average cost of the CELT and the Trinity Creosotes is II,OHO. You may need to consider accommodation and travel costs too if no course provider exists where you live. Keeping your distance Distance learning courses never share the same high profile as taught courses because they don’t let you experience teaching practice, but they have their own advantages. Many people find it easier to fit the course into their normal lives by studying in this way. You can go at your own pace – and distance courses are a lot cheaper. On the other hand, you may never meet a student until you’re teaching a class yourself and your tutor can only offer feedback on your written work not your actual performance. So distance learning has a few disadvantages too. Many people who already have a suitable teaching qualification, such as a PACE (Postgraduate Certificate in Education), but have no experience in FEEL choose to take a distance course because the certificate itself is not as important for them. The skills to do with presentation, classroom management and lesson planning are transferable, so with this kind of course it’s easier for the teacher to choose which areas to spend more time on. Overseas employers appreciate the fact that you’ve taken the trouble to study and get yourself a certificate, and this tends to carry more weight than the actual certificate itself. This is because the organizations offering distance courses aren’t as well known as CELT or Trinity, which provide taught courses. This area of the market has far less quality control than taught courses. However, the College of Teachers is one body which accredits distance TESTS (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages) courses as does ACTED, which is specifically for distance courses in TESTS. Courses accredited by these bodies offer a reasonable standard of professionalism and someone to talk to if the course or course provider falls seriously below your expectations. Chapter 3: Examining Courses, Qualifications and Jobs 41 Most distance certificate courses run along the same lines as taught courses (see information in the preceding ‘Signing up for a certificate course’). How to cite TEFL study guide, Papers

Managing Global Business Environment-Free Samples For Students

Question: Explain Managing Global Business Environment? Answer: Introducation: In this modern era every business organization wants to expand their business in the global market to promote their brand name in the foreign countries and set an example in the international market (Barkemeyer et al., 2014). There are several reasons for which business organizations want to go global. Organizational management of various business organizations are incorporating new strategies into their organizations to introduce earn success in the international market. They are embracing new techniques which are beneficial for organizational development in the foreign industry and beat their rivals in market competition. In order to achieve desired target and earn reputation in the industry, it has become important for every business organizations to enlarge their business in the global market (Cummings Worley, 2014). Although, carrying out new business venture in the global market in considered as an exciting process, organizations often face various difficulties to operate thei r business in foreign countries. Various organizational management suffers from various challenges while expanding their business in foreign market (De Loecker Goldberg, 2014). The below mentioned article has concentrated on the challenges that has been faced by various companies and its managerial department while expanding business in the foreign countries. It has discussed about possible solutions that can be useful for the organizations to overcome that challenges. The concept of business has been changed in past few decades. The innovation of new technologies and communication process has changed the scenario of business organizations (Farndale et al., 2014). Business organizations are facing tough competition from their rival companies every now and then. In order to survive in the race and win the battle with the rivals, business organizations are incorporating new techniques and strategies into their rule book. Several business organizations have focused on international market. According to many organizational leaders, expansion of business in the global market is good opportunity to lead the industry and make huge profit (Ferraro Brody, 2015). There are several reasons for which a business organization aims at expanding business in the foreign country. Some of them are as follows: Expansion of business in the international market will increase sales. It will introduce the brand name to the foreign customers. Foreign consumers along with national customers will also be able to buy products from their favorite international brand. It will increase the sales margin of the business organization. One of the major reasons for enlarging business in the global market is to increase the profit margin. It will be helpful for the business organizations to earn huge amount of revenue from all over the world. Extending business internationally will improve the quality of the product and service and help the organization to adopt new technologies. Expansion of business in the global market is highly beneficial for the economic infrastructure of any country. The economic growth of the business organization by extending business in the foreign market will influence the financial condition of the country. Extension of business in the global market is beneficial for the business organizations to beat their rival companies. However, the business organizations are often facing various difficulties in carrying out business ventures in the international market. There are various factors that influence the growth of business organizations, such as- environmental, political, legal, economical and social. These factors play a crucial role in development of a business organization. According to many reports, leaders of business organizations experience many adverse forces that preventing them to achieve desired target in the foreign countries (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2015). Some of them are as follows: Communication is considered as the key element of every business organizations. It is highly important for every business organizations to maintain healthy communication with their customers, internal external stake holders, society and people around the business organizations. In order to achieve success in the foreign country the business organizations must maintain strong interaction with the people related with the organization. However, the organizational management often faces difficulties to interact with their foreign stake holders due to language barrier. Lack of knowledge about local languages leads the organizations to face massive problem in the foreign market. It is important for the organizational management to communicate with its local staff members about organizational functions, but due to lack of knowledge about local tongue the communication gap between organizational management and workers increase. Managerial department of the business organizations faces diffic ulties in communicating with their buyers as well which is harmful for organizational development (Gereffi Lee, 2016). Another major problem faced by organizational management is the currency issue. Capital plays a crucial role in business development. It is considered as the key component of every business organization. In order to achieve success in the foreign market organizational management must be financially strong. However, due to lack of knowledge about financial structure about the foreign country the organizational management may face various challenges in the foreign market (Hair, 2015). Incorrect assumption about the financial structure of international market can be a major issue for the business organization that wants to expand business in the foreign industry. It may destroy the whole planning of expansion of business in the global market. Culture is known as another major component for expanding business internationally. In order to identify the requirement of consumers, organizational management must consider the culture of the country. Culture highly influences the preferences and requirements of the consumers. Managerial department of business organizations often faces various challenges due to cultural differences between the native country and foreign country. Many organizational management fail to understand the preference of the consumers which lead them to take wrong decision regarding their organizational strategy. To deal with foreign employees, organizational management must have a clear idea about local culture. It is often evident that while distributing duties among the staff members, manager of one business organization does not address every employee individually. The employees may feel insulted due to such behavior of manager. It may lead the manager and the whole organization to face any unwelcomed o ccurrence, such as- labor strike, knock out, massive failure in the foreign market. Numerous organizational management faces various challenges in the international market due to lack of knowledge about local culture (Hill, Cronk Wickramasekera, 2013). Foreign rules, regulations plays vital role in development of any business organization in the foreign country. Organizational management of many business organizations often faces various obstacles due to norms and regulations and other government practices. Government of every country wants to ensure a healthy and safety environment for local people. In order to maintain healthy society for the local residents, government often acts as villain for the foreign and local business organizations. Many business organizations enter into various legal issues due to tiff with government and breach any rules of government. This may destroy the whole planning of the business organization to expand business in the international market (Luthans Doh, 2014). Environmental issues are also considered as one of the biggest influence that harms the development of many business organizations in international market. Sometimes business organizations fail in the foreign market due to natural forces of the foreign country (Yeung Coe, 2015). There are various examples of business organizations that have faced several challenges in the global market. An exemplary example of such organization is Qantas airline. Qantas is a renowned airline company of Australia. It is known as the worlds third oldest airline company. It has been founded in 1920 and it has started operation since 1921. It possesses various subsidiary airlines like Qantas Link, Jetstar Airways. Headquarter is situated in Sydney, Mascot. Being a renowned airline company in Australia as well as World, Qantas possess a huge work force ("Qantas.com", 2017). The organizational management of Qantas has planned to expand their business in the international market, but it has faced massive failure in the global perspective. While expanding business in the international market, management of Qantas has set a treaty with TWU. The employees of TWU have demanded extra wages and improvement in the organizational environment to start working. However, this proposal has bee n refused by the organizational management of Qantas. It has influenced a dispute between the staff members and the managerial department of Qantas. This is considered one of the major issues that have led Qantas to face major failure in the foreign market. In 2010, Qantas has faced massive crisis due to natural calamity. The natural forces have spoiled the flight routes of Qantas airline. This is highly responsible for the failure of Qantas in foreign industry. The increment in fuel price is also considered as a key reason that has led the Qantas to face challenges in international market. The price of petrol has been increased which has led the organization to face massive financial crisis. Thus, it can be stated that there are various environmental, cultural and financial issues that has influenced the failure of Qantas in global market (Meyer Peng 2016). There are number of ways that can be helpful for the business organizations to resolve the challenges the management faces in the international market. Some of them are as follows: To overcome the language barrier, organizational management must prepare a master plan for marketing. Instead of translation, good marketing can be beneficial for the organization to resolve the language issue with the foreign buyers and other stake holders (Peng, 2016). In order to resolve another major issue of international business operation that is cultural barrier, the organizational management must pay special attention to understand the behavior of the foreign consumers and stakeholders. The managerial department of any business organization must consider the issue while establishing organizational strategy It will be beneficial for the growth of the organization in the global market (Wild, Wild Han, 2014). The business organization must set partnership with the local franchises. It will be highly beneficial for the development of the organization in the international market. Local franchises will act as a mediator between the business organization and the local consumers. They will help the organizational management to understand the requirement of the buyers. These mediators will convey the messages of the companies to their consumers. The business organizations that want to expand their business in the global market and set an example must consider the fact that effective partnership can be helpful to put a strong foot print in the international market, while establishing organizational strategy (Rothaermel, 2015). The organizational managements that want to put a strong foot print in the international market must implement conduct a research works on the foreign market before making business strategy. It will provide a vivid picture of financial structure of foreign market and government rules and regulations for foreign industries. This research is highly required for every business organization to earn desired position in the foreign market. It is important to have a clear idea about the economic and political condition of the country where any company wants to expand their business. This will be helpful to establish effective strategies for organizational management to make huge profit in the foreign market (Ritchie, 2016). As per the previous discussion, it can be concluded that although it has become very important for every business organization to expand their business in the international market, many organizations are experiencing difficulties to set their business in the foreign market. There are several issues that lead the organizations to face challenges in the global market, such as- language barrier, cultural gap, currency issues, rules and regulations, environmental issues. Though there are many companies that have set their business in the international market successfully, there are many examples of such organization that have faced various challenge in international market. One of such business organization is Qantas Airline. This Australian renowned airline company has faced massive crisis in international market due to natural calamity, high fuel price and communication gap between employees and organizational management. Such issues have led the organization to face failure in the glo bal market. Some strategies can be used by organizational managements to overcome the challenges, like- partnership with local franchises, strong marketing plans and conduct research in the foreign market. These strategies can be incorporated by the managerial departments of business organizations that want to extend their business in the global market and earn huge revenue by selling products to the foreign consumers. Reference: Barkemeyer, R., Holt, D., Preuss, L., Tsang, S. (2014). What happened to the developmentin sustainable development? Business guidelines two decades after Brundtland.Sustainable Development,22(1), 15-32. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. De Loecker, J., Goldberg, P. K. (2014). Firm performance in a global market.Annu. Rev. Econ.,6(1), 201-227. Farndale, E., Pai, A., Sparrow, P., Scullion, H. (2014). Balancing individual and organizational goals in global talent management: A mutual-benefits perspective.Journal of World Business,49(2), 204-214. Ferraro, G., Brody, E. K. (2015).Cultural Dimension of Global Business. Routledge. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015).Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Gereffi, G., Lee, J. (2016). Economic and social upgrading in global value chains and industrial clusters: Why governance matters.Journal of Business Ethics,133(1), 25-38. Hair, J. F. (2015).Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe. Hill, C. W., Cronk, T., Wickramasekera, R. (2013).Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Luthans, F., Doh, J. P. (2014). Manaejemen Internasional-Budaya, Strategi dan Perilaku edisi 8 buku 1. Meyer, K. E., Peng, M. W. (2016). Theoretical foundations of emerging economy business research.Journal of International Business Studies,47(1), 3-22. Peng, M. W. (2016).Global business. Cengage learning. Qantas.com. (2017). Qantas.com. Ritchie, J. (2016). The Opportunity and Challenge of a Global Market Based Measure for Aviation.CCLR, 91. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Wild, J., Wild, K. L., Han, J. C. (2014).International business. Pearson Education Limited. Yeung, H. W. C., Coe, N. M. (2015). Toward a dynamic theory of global production networks.Economic Geography,91(

Accordion crimes essays

Accordion crimes essays Racism and segregation among different races took place since the beginning of time, Accordion Crimes by E. Annie Proulx explores a similar situation of new immigrants coming to America seeking for a better life also known as the American dream but soon realize what its all about. The story spreads over about 100 years. The life that immigrants were living was very difficult. Racism and discrimination was part of every day life, it can be pretty similar to what Muslims have to go through since the catastrophe of September 11, 2001 that changed the world for ever. When new coming Italians arrived to United-States, they were all seen as part of some mafia, generalization was punishing those that had nothing to do with it like the Muslims today. What can be done to stop hatred between races? The easy answer is education, but thats not the only solution. In order to recreate the world of new immigrants coming to America Proulx didnt use traditional narrative style but instead tried to use fragmentation style by not giving full complete stories which didnt link to one another except of the accordion which was passed from family to family. By the traveling of the accordion we can see what went on in different houses (families) since he was part of them for a moment. We have a feeling of violence in each story; in almost every story the ending finishes in a violent way; when Felix gets killed by a Japanese bomb, broken necks, car accidents and heart attacks. What those examples shows is that usually in poor environments the violence is more present then in rich and high educated neighborhoods. This is a proven fact, so when the television shows the camps of Bin Laden, lets not be fooled the reason is that those people a raised like that from a very young age to hate America or United states. Thats when education plays a central role. By not being well educated, their information is controlled ...

Michel de Montaigne Essays

Michel de Montaigne Essays Michel de Montaigne Essay Michel de Montaigne Essay Throughout his career working as a philosopher, Montages writing developed into something more personal. His works began to examine the world through his own perspective, particularly, in his three books, the Essays, written between the periods of 1570- 1592. The word, assai in French means trial or attempt. Thus, Montages writing attempted to explore his personal thoughts in order to explain the nature of the human mind and body. It is through his intellectual thought process of looking within the self that he is considered the father of Modern Skepticism. In Book 1, Chapter 21 of his Essays, Imitation recalls the tale of Marie/ German, a female who grew a penis. The story of Marie/German challenges the readers mind in identifying the absolute division between what categorizes someone as male and female. The Oxford English Dictionary defines sex as different to gender. In the sense, sex tends to refer to biological differences, while Gender refers to cultural and socially constructed roles, behaviors and activities. 1 However, Imitation challenges societies presupposed definitions between sex and gender. In the case of Marie/ German, Imitation defines hermaphrodite by suggesting that the imagination results in the transformation into the opposite gender. In other words, a woman can become a man by fixating on forms of masculinity. Therefore to Imitation, sex and gender is generated through the mind; the power of imagination and desire affirms how gender was understood as a state of mind throughout the Renaissance. In the Essays Imitation recalls the story of Marie/German while traveling through Vitro-IEEE-Franà §ois, France. He explains, I was able to see a man to whom the Bishop of Sessions had even the name of German at his confirmation: until the age of twenty-two he had been known by sight to all the townsfolk as a girl named Marie. He was then an old man with a full beard; he remained unmarried. He said that he had been straining to jump when his male organs appeared. It is not surprising tat this sort Of occurrence happens frequently. For if the imagination does have any power in such matters, in so girls it dwells so constantly and so forcefully on sex that it can Ore easily make that male organ a part of their bodies. 2 The story of Marie/German describes a girl who had reached puberty, and while jumping over a ditch she suddenly found that she had possessed a penis. 3 When Marie told her mother what had happened to her they consult surgeons and doctors to analyze her transformation. 4 The doctors and surgeons agreed that Marie had become a boy. So, she was brought to the towns local bishop where she was given a new male name, German. Galenas work, On the Usefulness of the Parts of the Body, reflects the transformation of Marie/German from a girl to a boy. The physician single sex theory explains that women have as much hidden inside the body as men have exposed on the outside of their bodies-5 For this reason, Galenas theory further suggests that due to the lack of bodily heat, the female is less perfect than the male. Moreover, he explains that the animal (male) that contains more bodily heat more active and as a result more perfect. 6 Therefore, the reason why the female retains an inverted version of the male organs inside her body is because she is colder. However, due to the physical movement of Marie jumping across the ditch, the jumping produced excesses heat resulting in the transformation from girl to boy. Richard L. Regression explains hat the same sex theory is based on a physiological difference of sex determined through the location of the genitals. 7 However, Galenas single sex theory is also culturally motivated; the conception of the location of genitals On the body reflects a hierarchy Of gender differences between sexes-8 Ambrose Par explains this hierarchy by suggesting that sex-change is possible for a woman to become a man, it was not possible for a man to be a woman. Nature always tends towards that which was most perfect, and it is male that is most perfect. 9 It is for this reason that men are more perfect Han females. Furthermore, Par insists that women should be excused for trying to be men because they are just aspiring to reach absolute perfection, which is to become male. In Montages account of Marie/German gender is a state of mind; a state of mind that through imagination a sex change can occur. So, when Marie acted like a boy by jumping across the ditch her body punished her through the growth of the male organ. In this way, sex change is a consequence of thinking differently by imagining yourself as the opposite sex. Therefore, Montages idea of hermaphrodite and sex change is pendent upon the ways in which society codes gender roles-10 Thus, Marie/ German functions as an example of how sex is an agent to societal and cultural ideals. Montages story of Marie/German links imagination to gender. Specifically, imagination is a bridge between the mind and the body; it gives the mind awareness of the physical world, generating a perspective. 1 Therefore, gender is formative, especially in the case of Marie/German, because in order to become a male Marie had to act like a boy. Judith Butler explores the subject of gender as formative in her article, Bodily Inscriptions, Formative Subversion. Specifically, Butler challenges the progress of gender performance as an affect of gender identity. She believes that sex is a social construct, and gender is determined through the perception of the body. 12 Therefore, the idea of performance in gender is based on actions. Actions construct gender for the reason that gender is something that does not come naturally; rather, it is culturally imposed. Accordingly, Marie/Germans knowledge of what it meant to be male is what affects her transformation into a man. It is through the force of her manly imagination that Marie/German suffers the repercussions of growing a penis. Therefore, sexual transformation is linked to the mind; it is the performance of acting in a way that applies to a specific gender that links the mind to the body, creating actions and behaviors that suit cultural norms. This is why Marie/Germans imagination resulted in a consequential bodily change. Anatomical changes cannot only occur in acting like a boy but also in the mind through a state of desire. In the case of Marie/German, Imitation suggests that the tale is essentially a male trapped in a female?s body. He proposes hat the only way to control the other within the body is to give, in this case a woman, a penis as a way to regulate their desire and thereby obliterate discrepancy between gender and sex. 13 Therefore, desire in this case, is a force to imagination. For without the feeling of desire we cannot imagine. In Pargs version of Marie/German, he suggests that the females imagination is generated through the desires to produce monstrous offspring. However, this draws away from the idea of imagination entirely. On the other hand, Montages case of the hermaphrodite is strictly concerned with the tension twine the physical reality of the female body and her desire to be a man. Thus, women are moved by the their desires. It was Marie/Germans desire to become a male that resulted in her vigorous jump over the ditch and her transformation into a male. Michel De Montages story of Marie/ German explains that acting like a boy could produce anatomical changes throughout the Renaissance. It is through desire, imagination and ultimately performance that forces anatomical changes to the body. For Marie to think and act like a boy at such a young age, she transformed her body and grew a penis. Marie/ Germans case is an example of how hermaphrodite is still considered an ambiguous gender. This ambiguity is problematic because it is society that needs people to be gendered. Therefore, gender is an identity that is constructed in time.

Competing Vision of Health Care Administration among Stakeholders Literature review

Competing Vision of Health Care Administration among Stakeholders - Literature review Example Health care entails the provision of health services to human beings (Edwards, 2010). Having quality health care services is important for patients and in raising the reputation of hospitals. That is, this subject is highly essential in ensuring that patients get access to the best services (Edwards, 2010). However, as clarified earlier, for the hospitals to achieve this goal, its leaders have to play a huge role in the daily operations of hospitals. It is worth noting that different health care stakeholders in hospital administration share different competing visions, which bring in a subject of great concern in the standards at different hospitals (Edwards, 2010). One of the subjects that the administrators have varied sets of views about is on health care insurance reforms particularly. These reforms are very important in reducing the amount of charity care and Medicaid expenses. The president of the Center for Studying Health System Change, Mr. Ginsburg indicates that there is variable uncertainty on the expected hospital reforms. That is, it is unfeasible to have a simple and fast reform on insurance of health care. Additionally, he says that the aforementioned reforms will vary from state to state and that there are great chances of hospitals experiencing high growth in the number of patients that go for Medicaid (Edwards, 2010). However, Ginsburg goes ahead to point out that, sooner rather than later, hospitals are going to face significant changes in the delivery of care. Precisely, he warns that, with better coordination of care, then, there is a very good chance for hospital care to undergo a decline in the near future.

Britains Role In 20th Century International History Essay

Britains Role In 20th Century International History - Essay Example The Australian colonies were united into an autonomous Dominion in 1901 with the federal government located at Melbourne before being moved to Canberra in 1927. New Zealand became a Dominion in 1907. All four South African colonies were federated into autonomous Dominion Union of South Africa in 1910 (Reynolds 127). The granting of autonomy to the Irish Free State reduced the territory of the United Kingdom to Great Britain in 1921. It can be argued that the British Empire was at its peak in the 1920s after World War One when it Gained most of the German territories in Africa and Ottoman provinces including Palestine and Iraq in the Middle East by mandate granted by the League of Nations (Reynolds 127).At the Balfour Declaration in 1926, Britain and its Dominions agreed that they were not subordinate to each other another in aspects of both domestic and external affairs though united by common allegiance to the crown and freely associated as members of the British Common Wealth Of Na tions. They were also granted the right to secede (Reynolds 127). World War Two (1939-45) demonstrated the royalty of the Dominions to the empire as in 1939 the Australian prime minister acknowledged his country’s involvement in war by virtue of Britain’s declaration of war on Germany and as a result, Australia was at war, again in 1940 gold in millions of pounds was shipped to Canada in preparation for relocation of the British Royal Family if the situation of war escalated (Reynolds 127).... New Zealand became a Dominion in 1907. All four South African colonies were federated into autonomous Dominion of Union of South Africa in 1910 (Reynolds 127). The granting of autonomy to the Irish Free State reduced the territory of the United Kingdom to Great Britain in 1921. It can be argued that the British Empire was at its peak in the 1920s after World War One when it gained most of German territories in Africa and Ottoman provinces including Palestine and Iraq in the Middle East by mandate granted by the League of Nations (Reynolds 127). At the Balfour Declaration in 1926, Britain and its Dominions agreed that they were not subordinate to each other another in aspects of both domestic and external affairs though united by common allegiance to the crown and freely associated as members of the British Common Wealth Of Nations. The Statute of West Minister in 1931 granted full autonomy to The Dominions of Canada, union of South Africa, Irish Free states Australia and New Zealand they were collectively referred to as the British common wealth. They were also granted the right to secede (Reynolds 127). World War Two (1939-45) demonstrated the royalty of the Dominions to the empire as in 1939 the Australian prime minister acknowledged his country’s involvement in war by virtue of Britain’s declaration of war on Germany and as a result, Australia was at war, again in 1940 gold in millions of pounds was shipped to Canada in preparation for relocation of the British Royal Family if the situation of war escalated (Reynolds 127). The empire was to further expand in 1945 after the war, occupying most of Italian territories in Africa and huge areas of the Middle East to secure

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Employment Law - Essay Example The employers need to immediately respond to the complaints regarding the discrimination in a legal manner. These complaints need to be managed and handled in an effective formalized process. The line supervisors should not try to resolve these issues. The supervisors need to inform and notify the human resource professional and top management for an appropriate organizational response. First and foremost, the employer needs to evaluate the allegation of employment discrimination. The employer should involve the top management and HR professionals in this evaluation process (Mello, 2011). First of all, they need to receive and handle the complaint or allegation by asking the complaining employee about the reason behind the allegation. The management team should encourage the complaining employee to provide details in writing about the allegation. Then the management should be asked for his or her opinion to overcome the issue. The employer should strictly review this matter with the help of top management and HR professionals. Based on the complaint and allegation, the employer should try to evaluate all the insights. Then the employer should undertake an investigation process. It is the responsibility of an employer to maintain effective workplace environment within an organization. Moreover, maintaining several legislations and legal aspects will help the organization to perform its business practices without any harassment. This evaluation will help the employer to understand specific workplace behavior. However, the employers need to involve right person in this investigation process. At the end of the day, the employer should try to provide effective justice to the complaining employees based on the proper evaluation and investigation. It is responsibility of the employer to take corrective action based on the investigation to maintain legal workforce balance and ethical standard. Question 3 Employees generally apprise three different families of workplace events. They generally examine the justice of outcomes, justice of formal allocation process and justice of interpersonal transactions. Justice of outcome is known as distributive justice. Justice of formal allocation process is known as procedural justice. On the other hand, interpersonal transaction is known as interactional justice. These three justices generally tend to be co-related. These three aspects can be meaningfully treated as three key components of total fairness. This part of the essay will explain about three components. Distributive Justice The first component of justice is known as the distributive justice as it has to deal with the outcomes or allocations. This distributive justice is generally concerned with the reality that all the employees are not treated in similar

UK Honours System Analysis

UK Honours System Analysis Title: Discuss the purpose of the honours system and the method by which recipients of honours are selected. What improvements, if any, do you think are necessary or desirable in the law and workings of the honour system? Introduction This is a highly topical subject, indeed it is one that is the focus of political machination and intense media scrutiny and speculation at the point of writing this paper. The recent furore is discussed below, after an examination of the purpose and modus operandi of the honours system, and some considered suggestions for reform. The UK Honours System The United Kingdom honours system is a time-honoured mechanism which provides for the public recognition of exceptional achievement, endeavour and service to the country.[1] The system rewards conspicuous contributions to the community, pre-eminence within a field of activity and distinguished or innovative work in all areas of UK society. Honours are usually awarded twice a year in the United Kingdom; one honours list is published on The Queen’s Birthday in June and another is published at New Year. Honours Committees meet before the decision as to the constitution of each list is taken to advise the Cabinet Secretary on candidates to put forward. The public have been permitted to make nominations for honours since 1993 and these are put forward for consideration by the Honours Committees. Such nominations require a minimum of two supporting letters and evidence to justify the proposal. The Cabinet Office suggests that certain criteria should be applied in evaluating the merits of a nomination.[2] The nominee should have: made a significant contribution to their community or field of endeavour; distinguished British life and enhanced its reputation; improved the lot of those less able to help themselves; exhibited vision and moral courage and vision in making difficult choices and hard applications.[3] There are nine committees in total, covering different fields of achievement. Committees are appointed to advise on the following areas: State; Education; Health; Community; Voluntary and Local Service; Science and Technology; Economy; Sport; Arts and Media. These committees make recommendations to the Prime Minister who thereafter puts forward a list of recommendations to the Queen, who ultimately decides on the final list. As Bradley and Ewing describe in Constitutional and Administrative Law,[4] the Queen is â€Å"the sole fountain of honour†, and she awards all peerages, but her prerogative is â€Å"only exercised on the advice of her ministers†. The Cabinet Office Ceremonial Secretariat[5] is responsible for the overall management of the honours system[6]. The Ceremonial Branch of the Cabinet Office was established in 1937 and takes responsibility for honours policy work across government. It was renamed the Ceremonial Secretariat in 2001. The Secretariat prepares the Prime Minister’s half-yearly Honours Lists and consults on all honours matters with the Head of the Home Civil Service. The Secretariat also coordinates policy on the award of decorations and medals and advises the Ministry of Defence and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office as required. Moreover the Secretariat deals with the administration of honours nominations made by members of the public and assesses individual cases leading to civilian gallantry awards.[7] Reform of the Honours System? In 2005 the Government published the paper Reform of the Honours System[8] which contained its responses to â€Å"A Matter of Honour Reforming the Honours System†[9], a report by the Public Administration Select Committee and â€Å"Review of the Honours system: report to the Secretary of the Cabinet† by Sir Hayden Phillips.[10] Overall the Government indicated its for support for the honours system, but it recognised concerns voiced in the two reports cited above and undertook to review the current system to ensure its fairness and make proposals to render it more accessible to the public as a whole. A selection of the proposals considered are discussed below.[11] In its response, the Government resisted recommendations to abolish such ancient honours as the Orders of Bath and of St Michael and St George, but accepted the point that honours should not be conferred merely because the recipient holds a particular post or office.[12] It is submitted that it is essential that honours are only ever awarded on merit, for exceptional service over and above that which could be expected, if the system is to retain public support and longevity and therefore this decision is supported by this commentator. Hayden Philips also recommended that the proportion of honours that go to the so-called state sector (including the Diplomatic Service, the Home Civil Service and the Armed Forces) should be reduced. The Government has prevaricated over this proposal but it is submitted that it is a meritorious suggestion. It is necessary to ground the honours system firmly in the public interest and context if it is to receive continued public acceptance and credibility. The Australian system of honours was (ironically perhaps) suggested as a model for reform of the UK system, and while not embracing that proposal wholeheartedly the Government indicated that it would be pursing the Philip’s recommendation to increase diversity and regional participation in the honours selection process along similar lines to those in operation in Australia. Again it is argued that this is a wise move. As stated above it is necessary to root the honours system deep within the greater community to preserve support and recognition for it and to defeat criticisms that it functions under a metropolitan bias. It is also proposed that the Honours Selection Committees be replaced by a new Honours Commission, and that this body should take over responsibility from ministers for making nominations to the Queen. However, the Government did not accept this proposal in its 2005 response, preferring instead to pledge to reduce the civil service participation in selection committees, guarantee non-civil service chairs of those committees and increase participation and transparency into the existing system by other administrative means. It is submitted that while the Government’s proposals represent an improvement on the status quo, they fail to grasp the nettle and fully address the frailties and complexities of the existing process. The establishment of a new Honours Commission to assume all duties in this regard would, it is asserted have been the best way forward for the UK honours system. A Personal Aside There is clearly much to commend in a system based wholly on rewarding distinguished public service and significant contributions to society if the smack of patronage, bias and imperialism can be removed from its operation. It is true that many second generation commonwealth citizens have sought to reject honours because of the perception that the honours system is an imperialist tool and efforts must be made to restore faith in the system and position it in the minds of the public as a method of recognising only achievement and endeavour. It has also been argued that the honours system facilitates business by recognising Captains of UK industry and rewarding their efforts, but that said the profit and power motives alone seem to inspire businessmen elsewhere in the world to succeed and prosper without the carrot of an honour dangling before them. In summation, it is submitted that greater transparency, accessibility and democracy should be introduced into the system for selecting candidates for honours, and that the criteria for nomination should reflect only contributions that further the public good in some material way. Given that the awards are made in recognition of service to the community it is also deemed appropriate that the community itself is better represented on the nomination panels. Moreover, it is also considered prudent to expedite and simplify the process for removing honours in the event of subsequent behaviour incompatible with the title bestowed, such as a criminal conviction. â€Å"Cash for Coronets† March 2006 The Labour Government is, at the time of writing, embroiled in a high profile row concerning the perception that those making substantial cash donations and or â€Å"loans† to Labour Party funds have been put forward by the Prime Minister for public honours.[13] The Prime Minister has been stung by the accusations of impropriety and bias and has ordered immediate changes to prevent such a state of affairs arising in future, including making loans to political parties publicly declarable. In the meantime, three complaints have been made under the 1925 Honours Prevention of Abuses Act and these are currently being investigated by Scotland Yard.[14] It is submitted that it is completely unacceptable for honours to be effectively bought by political donations rather than earned by good endeavours.[15] However, politics is an expensive business, in particular the funding of General Election Campaigns, and it has been suggested that the only way to guarantee that politics is not influenced and that honours are not bought and sold in this way is to provide for the public funding of political parties via general taxation. It is unlikely that this solution will prove popular with the general public, given the general animosity and suspicion that attaches to politicians, and may even result in the funding of parties that the majority of the public find disagreeable, such as the National Front. However, it is argued that no price can be put on political independence and the integrity of the honours system, if it is to survive the current wave of social reform and modernisation, is also important. Therefore, it is argued that a mechanism for the public funding of political parties on a prudent, measured and transparent scale must be established at the earliest opportunity and certainly in advance of the next General Election. THE END WORD COUNT: 1539 (answer length only excluding footnotes and bibliography) BIBLIOGRAPHY John Walker, The Queen has been Pleased: the British Honours System at Work (1986), Secker and Warburg. The UK Honours System: http://www.honours.gov.uk/index.asp Reform of the Honours System, Cabinet Office CM 6479 (2005) Bradley and Ewing’s Constitutional and Administrative Law, 12th Edition, (1997). Review of the Honours System, Report to the Secretary of the Cabinet, Sir Hayden Phillips, House of Commons Papers Session 2004-05 â€Å"A Matter of Honour† – Reforming the Honours System (HC 212-I) (Session 2003-4), Report by the Public Administration Select Committee Clarke Accused in  £14m Loans Row, 22 March 2006: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4831528.stm Cash for Peerages Row, 20 March 2006: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4812822.stm 1 Footnotes [1] See for an insightful general overview: John Walker, The Queen has been Pleased: the British Honours System at Work (1986), Secker and Warburg. [2] See: http://www.honours.gov.uk/nominate/. [3] Stated at http://www.honours.gov.uk/nominate/. [4] 12th Edition, 1997, p 277. [5] See for website: http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/ceremonial/. [6] See for website: http://www.honours.gov.uk/index.asp. [7] The Secretariat also makes recommendations for the Imperial Service Medal. [8] Reform of the Honours System, Cabinet Office CM 6479 (2005). [9] â€Å"A Matter of Honour† – Reforming the Honours System (HC 212-I) (Session 2003-4), Report by the Public Administration Select Committee. [10] Review of the Honours System, Report to the Secretary of the Cabinet, Sir Hayden Phillips, House of Commons Papers Session 2004-05. [11] With a view to adherence to the word limit it is not possible to offer exhaustive coverage of the issues. [12] This principle was first endorsed by Prime Minister John Major in 1993 after a review of the honours system: Reform of the Honours System, Cabinet Office CM 6479 (2005). [13] Clarke Accused in  £14m Loans Row, 22 March 2006: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4831528.stm [14] It is submitted that it is doubtful that anything of substance will come from this investigation. [15] Cash for Peerages Row, 20 March 2006: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4812822.stm.

Capital Punishment †The Debate Continues :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

As the war on crime continues, two truths hold steady: eliminating all crime is impossible, and controlling it is a must. The main weapon used to control crime in this war is deterrence. The government's deterrent for committing murder is the death penalty. The fear of death will not deter every person who contemplates murder from doing it. Whether it is for religious reasons and the hope of salvation or something else, stopping some people is not possible (Cohen 48). The intent is not to stop those people, but instead every other would-be killer. Capital Punishment has been in the national spotlight for many years and the center of the debate still remains whether it actually deters would be offenders. Does this age-old penalty for the ultimate sin achieve its goal? There are many lofty and rational arguments on both sides of this issue. Advocates of the death penalty claim that the primary reason for this harsh punishment is that the fear of death discourages people from committing murder. The main ways in which they support this theory are: the severity of the punishment, various polls of citizens and prisoners, and two in particular studies. The most obvious deterring justification is the severity of punishment (Calebresi 19). This means, put simply, to punish for a crime in a way that the punishment outweighs the crime. If the punishment for robbing a bank is to spend one day in jail, then bank robbing would become a daily occurance. On the same note, if there is a reward for a lost item of jewelry and the reward is less than the selling price for that jewelry, the finder has no reason to bring it back. On the other hand, if the reward exceeds the value of the jewelry, the new owner will bring it back very promptly. In the case of capital punishment, if a person wants someone dead badly enough, and the punishment for murder is a short stay in prison, what will possibly keep that person from doing the unthinkable (Van Den Haag 68). If a person is afraid for their life, then the stakes for their actions are much higher, probably even too high for most people. Many psychologists believe that these "stakes" do not even have to be in conscious thought for them to work. The theory is that a person's conscience weighs out many factors in all instances. While a would-be offender might be contemplating the deed, the death penalty imbeds itself into that person's subconscience as a possible consequence of their actions, and thus the